Ngā Whakaritenga Hangarau mō ngā Mita Rere Hikohiko: Te Whakapūmau i te Tika me te Pono

1. Ngā Paerewa Mahi Ine

1.1 Te Tika me te Āheitanga ki te Whakahoki

• Te Tika Noa:Ngā EMFme tutuki te ±0.5% ki te ±1% o te tere rere i inehia puta noa i te awhe mahi, me ngā tauira kounga teitei e tuku ana i te tika ±0.2%. Me manatoko tēnei i raro i ngā tikanga paerewa (hei tauira, ISO 9104 mō te ine rere wai).
• Te āheinga ki te tukurua: Kaua ngā rerekētanga o ngā inenga tukurua e neke ake i te ±0.1% o te tere rere hei whakarite i te ōritetanga i roto i ngā tukanga nui pēnei i te inenga matū, te utu wai rānei.

1.2 Te Awhe Rere me te Ōwehenga Hurihuri

• Te Awhe Tere: Ka taea te ine i ngā tere rere mai i te 0.1 m/s (ngā tono rere-iti pēnei i ngā pūnaha taiwhanga) ki te 15 m/s (ngā paipa ahumahi tere-teitei).
• Ōwehenga Hurihuri: Ko te ōwehenga iti rawa 20:1 (hei tauira, he ine 0.5–10 m/s) te paerewa, ā, ko ngā tauira matatau e tuku ana i te 100:1 mō ngā tono whānui.

1.3 Te Arahi Wai

• Te Arahi Iti Rawa: Me ≥5 μS/cm te kawe hiko o te wai (mō ngā wai wai) kia puta ai he kaha hiko e taea te ine (EMF). Mō ngā wai iti te kawe hiko (hei tauira, te wai whakakore iona), me whakamahi pea i ngā irahiko me ngā whakakaha motuhake (≥0.5 μS/cm).
• Te Pūmautanga o te Aroturuki: Ka taea e ngā panonitanga tere o te aroturuki (hei tauira, nā te ranunga matū) te whakaputa i te nekenekehanga o te ine, ā, me whai pūnaha utu kua hangaia ki roto.

2. Ngā Whakaritenga Taiao me te Whakahaere

2.1 Ngā Whakatauranga Pāmahana me te Pēhanga

• Te Pāmahana Wai:
  • Paerewa: -20°C ki te 120°C (hei tauira, mō te wai me te wai para).
  • Pāmahana teitei: Tae atu ki te 200°C (me ngā arai motuhake pēnei i te PTFE, te uku rānei mō ngā tukanga ahumahi).
• Te Pēhanga o te Paipa:
  • Pēhanga iti: ≤1.6 MPa (he mea noa i roto i ngā pūnaha ā-tāone).
  • Pēhanga teitei: Tae atu ki te 40 MPa (mō ngā tono hinu me te hau, waipēhi rānei), me whai hoahoa pakari me te whakamātautau pēhanga e ai ki te ASME B16.5.

2.2Aukume hikoHototahitanga (EMC)

• Me tutuki i ngā paerewa EMC (hei tauira, IEC 61326-1) hei ārai i ngā pokanoa mai i ngā motuka, ngā whakawhiti hiko, ngā pūtake auau reo irirangi (RF) rānei. He mea nui ngā taura ārai me ngā whare whenua hei whakaiti i te haruru.

2.3 Te Ātete ki te Pahūtanga me te Waikura

• Te Parenga Pahūtanga: I ngā wāhi morearea (hei tauira, ngā wheketere hinu-matū),EMFMe tutuki i ngā tiwhikete pēnei i a ATEX, IECEx, NEC 500 rānei mō ngā hoahoa haumaru ā-roto (IS) me te ātete mura.
• Ātete ki te Waikura: Me ātete ngā wāhanga mākū (ngā hikohiko me ngā raina) ki ngā wai kaha:
  • Ngā Raina: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) hei ātete ki ngā matū, polyurethane hei ātete ki te pakū (hei tauira, ngā para), he uku rānei hei ārai i ngā taiao wera nui/pakū.
  • Ngā Irahiko: Ngā rauemi pēnei i te maitai kore waikura 316L, te Hastelloy C, te tantalum rānei mō ngā wai e ngāwari ana ki te waikura (hei tauira, te wai moana, ngā waikawa).

3. Ngā Whakaritenga Tāutanga me te Paipa

3.1 Ngā Rerenga Paipa Tika

• Ki runga: Me 5–10 te diameter o te paipa i mua i te mita kia tino pai ai te rere, kia whakaitihia ai te aueue o ngā tuke, ngā takirere, ngā tī rānei.
• I raro: 2–5 diameter o te paipa i muri i te mita hei ārai i ngā raruraru rere whakamuri.

3.2 Te Aronga Tāutanga

• Ka taea te tāuta whakapae, poutū, whakarara rānei, engari he pai ake te tāuta poutū (me te rere ki runga) mō ngā wai totoka hei ārai i te oneone.
• Mō ngā rere e rua ngā wāhanga o te hau-wai, he mea nui te tāutanga whakapae me te whakaputa hau tika kia kore ai e kohikohi mirumiru i roto i te ngongo ine.

3.3 Te Whakatakotoranga Hiko

• Me tāuta he mowhiti whenua, he hiko rānei hei whakakore i ngā rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i te wai me te mita, kia tika ai te tātaritanga.EMFine. He mea nui rawa tēnei i roto i ngā paipa kore-arahi hiko (hei tauira, PVC).

4. Putanga Tohu me te Whakaurunga Mamati

4.1 Ngā Tohu Analog me ngā Tohu Mamati

• Analog: Putanga 4–20 mA (motuhake) me te hapa rārangi ≤0.1%, he pai mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere tawhito.
• Mamati: MODBUS RTU/TCP, HART, Profibus DP rānei mō te tuku raraunga wā-tūturu, e āhei ai te whakauru atu ki ngā pūnaha SCADA, ki ngā tūāpapa IoT kapua rānei.

4.2 Te Takitaki Raraunga me te Tātaritanga

• He mahara kua hangaia mō te penapena raraunga rere, ngā kaupapa whakaoho, me ngā tawhā tātaritanga (hei tauira, te paninga hikohiko, te kakahu o te raina). Ka tukuna e ngā tauira matatau ngā whakatūpato tiaki matapae mā te hononga ahokore (hei tauira, Nihokikorangi, 4G).

5. Te Whakamātautau me te Tiwhikete

5.1 Ngā Paerewa Whakatakotoranga

• Te whakatikatika i te wheketere ki ngā paerewa ka taea te whai (hei tauira, ngā taiwhanga whaimana ISO 17025) mā te whakamahi i ngā wai tohutoro (te nuinga o te wai). Tērā pea me kawe te whakatikatika mara.rerengā taputapu manatoko, ngā tikanga whakatairite rānei.
• Mō ngā tono whakawhiti pupuri (hei tauira, te hokohoko wai), me whakatikatika ā-wā ngā mita (hei tauira, i ia tau) me te tutuki i ngā paerewa inenga ture (hei tauira, OIML R49, MID i te EU).

5.2 Ngā Tiwhikete Ahumahi

• Wai ā-Rohe: NSF/ANSI 61 mō ngā rauemi e pā ana ki te wai inu.
• Kai me te Inu: 3-A Paerewa Hauora, EHEDG rānei mō ngā hoahoa akuaku (ngā raina maeneene, ngā irahiko kore-kapiti).
• Ahumahi: Tiwhikete CSA, CE, UL rānei mō te haumaru me te mahi i roto i ngā mākete ūnga.

6. Te Pono me te Tiaki

6.1 Te Pūmautanga mō te Wā Roa

• Kaua te nekenekehanga i roto i te wā e neke ake i te ±0.2% o te tauine katoa ia tau, e tautokona ana e ngā mahi whakatikatika pāmahana me te kore-aunoa hei ārai i te pōraruraru hiko.
• MTBF (Te Wā Toharite i waenganui i ngā Rahunga): ≥100,000 hāora mō ngā wāhanga hiko, me ngā wāhanga ka taea te whakakapi (hei tauira, ngā pākahiko i roto i ngā tuku hiko-pūhiko) i hangaia mō te mahi mara ngāwari.

6.2 Hoahoa Ārai-Para

• Mō ngā wai piri, wai whakapūkara rānei (hei tauira, te wai para), ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakaoho pāorooro, te paraihe hiko, te horoi ultrasonic rānei ka whakaiti i te hanga me te pupuri i te kounga o te ine.

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