I roto i te wai o ēnei rāwhenua ine, ko ngā mita wai hikohiko me ngā mita wai ultrasonic he hangarau rongonui, he hangarau matatau hoki. He āhuatanga motuhake tō ia momo, e ahu mai ana i ō rātou mātāpono whakahaere. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga mō ngā ratonga wai, ngā kaiwhakamahi ahumahi, me ētahi atu kaipupuri moni kia taea ai e rātou te whakatau whai whakaaro i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te otinga ine wai tino tika mō ā rātou tono motuhake.
1. Ngā Mātāpono Whakahaere
Ko te mahi a ngā mita wai hiko aukume i runga i te ture a Faraday mō te whakapūngao hiko aukume. Ina rere te wai kawe hiko, pērā i te wai, mā roto i te papa aukume i hangaia i roto i te mita, ka puta he kaha hiko (EMF). He rite tonu tēnei EMF whakapūnga ki te tere o te rere o te wai. Ka ine te mita i tēnei EMF mā te whakamahi i ngā irahiko kua whakanohoia ki ngā taha rerekē o te ngongo rere. Mā te ine i te kaha o te ngaohiko whakapūnga, ka taea te whakatau i te tere o te wai. Nā te mea e mōhiotia ana te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te ngongo rere, ka taea te tatau i te tere rere rōrahi o te wai mā te whakamahi i te tātai
Q=v×A, ko Q te tere rere, ko v te tere, ā, ko A te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga.
1.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
Ko ngā mita wai ultrasonic ia, e whakamahi ana i te mātāpono wā-o-te-rere o ngā ngaru ultrasonic i roto i te wai. Ka inehia e rātou te rerekētanga wā i waenga i te horapa o ngā tohu ultrasonic i runga me raro i te wai e rere ana. Ina tukuna he ngaru ultrasonic ki roto i te wai, ka pāngia tōna tere horapa e te tere o te rere o te wai. Mena ka tukuna te ngaru ki te ahunga o te rere (ki raro), ka tere ake te haere, ā, ki te tukuna ki te taha o te rere (ki runga), ka puhoi ake te haere. Mā te ine tika i tēnei rerekētanga wā, ka taea te tatau i te tere o te wai. Pērā i ngā mita wai hikohiko, ina mōhiotia te tere, ka taea te whakatau i te tere rere rōrahi mā te whakarea i te tere ki te horahanga whakawhiti o te paipa, o te awa rānei e rere ana te wai.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Mahi
2.1 Te Tika
2.1.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
E mōhiotia ana ngā mita wai hiko aukume mō te tino tika, inā koa i roto i ngā awhe rere waenga ki te teitei. Ka taea e rātou te whakatutuki i te taumata tika tae atu ki te 0.5%, pai ake rānei i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai. Nā te kaupapa whakapūmau me te māramatanga o te whakapūmau hiko aukume tēnei tino tika. Heoi, ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā huringa o te kaha o te papa aukume (ka pāngia pea e ngā pūtake aukume o waho), te poke o te hiko, te tāutanga hē rānei ka pā ki tō rātou tika. Hei tauira, ki te kapi ngā hiko i ngā putunga i roto i te wā, ka hē pea te EMF i inehia, ka arahi ki te kore tika o ngā pānui rere.
He pai hoki te tika o ngā mita wai ultrasonic, i te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 1% ki te 2% mō ngā tono whānui. Ka pāngia pea tōna tika e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te noho mai o ngā mirumiru hau, ngā totoka iri, ngā huringa rānei o ngā āhuatanga oro o te wai. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā mirumiru hau te marara i ngā ngaru ultrasonic, ka puta he inenga wā-o-te-rere hē. I roto i ngā tono me te wai ma me ngā āhuatanga rere pumau, ka taea e ngā mita wai ultrasonic te whakarato i ngā pānui pono me te tika. I roto i ētahi tauira matatau, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga pēnei i te ine ultrasonic maha-ara hei whakapai ake i te tika mā te toharite i ngā inenga mai i ngā ara ultrasonic maha i roto i te rere o te wai.
2.2 Awhe Rere
2.2.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
He whānui te whānuitanga o ngā mita wai hiko-aukume, me te whānuitanga noa (te ōwehenga o te tere rere mōrahi ki te tere rere iti rawa) he 100:1, neke atu rānei. He pai mō te ine i ngā tono ahumahi rere-rahi, pērā i ngā tipu maimoatanga wai nui, i ngā pūnaha whakamatao ahumahi rānei, me ngā tono whare noho me ngā tono arumoni rere-waenga. Heoi, ka iti pea te mahi a ēnei i ngā tere rere tino iti. I ngā tere tino iti, ka ngoikore rawa pea te EMF i puta mai, ā, ka puta pea he hapa i te pito o raro o te awhe rere.
2.2.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
E mōhiotia ana ngā mita wai ultrasonic mō ō rātou āheinga ine i te iti o te rere. He maha ngā wā ka taea e rātou te kite i ngā tere rere mai i te 0.01 m/s, iti iho rānei, ā, he tino pai mō ngā tono e tika ana kia ine tika i ngā turuturu iti, i te iti rānei o te rere, pērā i te ine wai kāinga hei kimi turuturu. He tino teitei te whānuitanga o te wai, ā, ko ētahi tauira e eke ana ki te ōwehenga 400:1, neke atu rānei. Mā tēnei whānuitanga whānui o te rere ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā tono, mai i te whakamahinga wai kāinga iti ki ngā pūnaha tohatoha wai ahumahi me ngā pūnaha tohatoha wai ā-tāone nui.
2.3 Te Ngaronga Pēhanga
He iti noa te ngaronga pēhanga o ngā mita wai hikohiko. He tika tonu te hoahoa o te ngongo rere i roto i ngā mita hikohiko, ā, kāore he arai, ka whakaiti i te ātete ki te rere o te wai. He pai tēnei i roto i ngā tono e tino hira ana te pupuri i te puna wai pēhanga teitei, pērā i ngā tukanga ahumahi nui, i ngā whatunga tohatoha wai rānei i ngā tawhiti roa. Mā te ngaronga pēhanga iti ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao o ngā papu me ētahi atu taputapu neke wai, nā te mea he iti ake te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei wikitoria i te ātete i roto i te mita.
2.3.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
Ko ngā mita wai ultrasonic hoki he iti te ngaronga pēhanga. Kāore te tukanga ine i roto i ngā mita ultrasonic e ārai i te ara rere, nā te mea kei waho o te paipa, o te awa rere rānei ngā pūoko ultrasonic. Mā tēnei tikanga ine kore-whakararuraru ka whakarite kia kore te rere o te wai e tino āraihia, ka iti ake te hekenga pēhanga puta noa i te mita. He rite ki ngā mita hikohiko, nā tēnei āhuatanga ka pai ngā mita wai ultrasonic mō ngā tono e nui ana te tiaki i te pēhanga.
2.4 Te Wā Whakautu
2.4.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
He tere te wā urupare o ngā mita wai hiko-aukume. Kia puta he panoni i te tere o te rere o te wai, ka huri tonu te EMF i puta mai, ā, ka taea e te mita te kite wawe me te rēhita i tēnei panoni. Nā te tere o te wā urupare ka pai mō ngā tono e hiahiatia ana te aroturuki i ngā panoni tere rere i te wā tūturu, pērā i ngā tukanga ahumahi e hiahia ana kia kitea wawetia, kia whakahaeretia hoki ngā panoni ohorere o te hiahia wai.
2.4.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
He tere hoki te urupare a ngā mita wai ultrasonic. He tere te ine i te wā rere o ngā ngaru ultrasonic, ā, ka tere te whakaata i ngā huringa katoa o te tere rere o te wai i roto i te rerekētanga wā i inehia. Mā tēnei ka taea te kite tere i ngā rerekētanga o te tere rere, he mea whai hua i roto i ngā tono pēnei i te aroturuki whatunga tohatoha wai, ka taea te tautuhi wawe i ngā huringa ohorere o ngā tauira whakamahinga wai.
3. Ngā Whakaaro mō te Taiao me te Tāutanga
3.1 Ngā Whakaritenga Tāutanga
3.1.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
Me whakarite kia tika te roa o ngā paipa i te taha whakarunga me te taha whakararo o te wāhi tāutanga mita mō ngā mita wai hiko. Hei whakarite kia tino whanake te rere o te wai, kia ōrite hoki i mua i te urunga ki te mita, he mea nui tēnei mō te ine tika. I te nuinga o te wā, e taunakihia ana kia 5 ki te 10 ngā wā o te roa o ngā paipa i te taha whakarunga, kia 2 ki te 5 ngā wā o te roa o ngā paipa i te taha whakararo. Hei tāpiri, me tāuta ngā mita wai hiko ki tētahi wāhi kāore he pokanoa kaha o waho, nā te mea ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru i te papa aukume i roto i te mita, ā, ka pā ki te tika o ngā inenga.
3.1.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
He ngāwari ake ngā whakaritenga tāutanga mō ngā mita wai ultrasonic. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te roa o ngā paipa tika e hiahiatia ana i ngā mita hikohiko. I ētahi wā, he nui pea te roa o te paipa tika o te taha whakarunga, e toru ngā wā te whānui o te paipa, he iti iho rānei. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te tāuta i roto i ngā pūnaha paipa o nāianei, ina he iti pea te wāhi mō ngā rere paipa tika. Heoi, me tāuta ngā mita wai ultrasonic ki tētahi wāhi maeneene te pakitara o te paipa, ā, kāore he waikura nui, he hanganga unahi rānei, nā te mea ka pā pea ēnei ki te tuku me te whiwhi i ngā ngaru ultrasonic.
3.2 Ngā Āhuatanga Taiao
3.2.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
He tairongo ngā mita wai hiko aukume ki te kawe hiko o te wai. He mea hanga ēnei hei ine i te rere o ngā wai kawe hiko, ā, ki te iti rawa te kawe hiko o te wai (pērā i te wai tino parakore), tera pea he ngoikore rawa te EMF i puta mai, kāore e taea te ine tika. Hei tāpiri, e ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ka taea e ngā papa aukume o waho te whakararuraru i te mahi a ngā mita wai hiko aukume. I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi me ngā motuka hiko nui, ngā whakawhiti hiko, me ētahi atu pūtake o ngā papa aukume kaha, me whai ārai motuhake, me whakanoho tika rānei te mita kia tika ai te ine.
3.2.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
He tairongo ngā mita wai ultrasonic ki te aroaro o ngā mirumiru hau, ngā totoka iri, me ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga oro o te wai. Ka taea e ngā mirumiru hau te marara i ngā ngaru ultrasonic, ka hua ake he inenga koretake i te wā rere. Ka taea hoki e ngā totoka iri, ina koa he nui, he nui rānei ngā kukū, te pā ki te horapa o ngā ngaru ultrasonic. Heoi anō, ka taea e ngā huringa o te pāmahana, te tote, te matotoru rānei o te wai te whakarerekē i ōna āhuatanga oro, ā, me whakarerekē pea i ētahi wā kia tika ai te ine.
4. Ngā Whakaaroaro Utu
4.1 Te Utu Tīmatanga
Ko te tikanga, he nui te utu tīmatanga mō ngā mita wai hiko aukume. Nā te uaua o te tukanga hanga e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i ngā wāhanga whakaputa papa aukume, ngā irahiko tino tika, me ngā hikohiko matatau e hiahiatia ana hei ine i te EMF i whakaohokia. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i tō rātou hanganga, inā koa ko ērā mō te ara iahiko aukume me te arai ngongo rere (hei whakarite i te whakamarumaru hiko), ka whai wāhi atu ki te utu nui ake.
4.1.2 Ngā Mita Wai Ultrasonic
He nui hoki te utu tīmatanga mō ngā mita wai ultrasonic, ahakoa he iti iho i ētahi wā i ērā o ngā mita hikohiko, i runga i te tauira me te kaihanga. Ko te nuinga o te utu e ahu mai ana i ngā whakawhiti ultrasonic kounga teitei, ngā hiko tukatuka tohu matatau, me te hiahia mō te whakatikatika tika i te wā hanga. Heoi, i te pakeketanga o te hangarau me te whai wāhi mai o ngā ōhanga tauine, kua heke haere te utu o ngā mita wai ultrasonic.
4.2 Te Utu Tiaki
4.2.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
He iti noa te utu tiaki mō ngā mita wai hikohiko. Ko ngā mahi tiaki matua ko te tirotiro me te horoi i ngā irahiko i ia wā, i ia wā, hei ārai i te poke, ka pā pea ki te tika o ngā inenga. I ētahi wā, mēnā he tohu o te pakaru o ngā wāhanga whakaputa aukume, he raruraru rānei ki ngā hikohiko, me nui ake te tiaki hohonu, me te whakakapi rānei i ngā wāhanga. Heoi, nā te mea kāore he wāhanga neke i roto i te wāhanga inenga, kāore i te tino taumaha ngā whakaritenga tiaki whānui.
He iti te utu tiaki mō ngā mita wai ultrasonic. Nā te mea kāore he wāhanga neke, ā, he pakari te nuinga o ngā transducers ultrasonic, ko te mahi tiaki matua ko te tirotiro i ia wā mō ngā tohu kino ki ngā transducers, ki ngā hiko tukatuka tohu rānei. I ngā tono kei roto i te wai he nui ngā totoka iri, kei reira rānei te tūponotanga o te poke o te transducer, me horoi pea ngā mata o te transducer i ia wā. Engari i te nuinga o te wā, ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo mita wai, he iti ake te auau me te utu tiaki mō ngā mita wai ultrasonic.
5. Ngā tono
5.1 Ngā Mita Wai Hikohiko
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mita wai hiko aukume i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi, he mea nui te ine tika i ngā tere rere teitei o ngā wai kawe hiko. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga matū, te whakaputa hiko (mō te ine wai whakamatao), me te hanga kai me te inu. I roto i ngā rāngai maimoatanga wai me te wai para, ka whakamahia ngā mita wai hiko aukume hei ine i te rere o te wai mata, te wai kua tukatukahia, me te wai para. He mea noa hoki ēnei hei whakamahi i roto i ngā whare arumoni nui me ngā whare noho hei utu tika i te whakamahinga wai.
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā mita wai ultrasonic i roto i ngā ine wai kāinga, inā koa ko te arotahi ko te ine tika i ngā tere rere iti me te kimi turuturu. Ka whakamahia hoki ēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamakuku ahuwhenua, i ngā wāhi ka kitea pea he paru pēnei i te onepu me te paru i roto i te wai, ā, mā te tikanga ine kore-whakauru o ngā mita ultrasonic ka āwhina i te karo i ngā take e pā ana ki te aukati, te kino rānei mai i ēnei paru. Hei tāpiri, he pai ngā mita wai ultrasonic mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha wai hei aroturuki i te rere i ngā wāhi rerekē, tae atu ki ngā wāhi he uaua ngā whakatakotoranga paipa kei reira ngā whakaritenga tāutanga ngāwari o ngā mita ultrasonic he painga.
Hei whakamutunga, he painga motuhake ngā mita wai hikohiko me ngā mita wai ultrasonic, ā, he rerekē ā rātou mahi. Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā mea e rua ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga maha pērā i ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te mahi, ngā āhuatanga o te wai e inehia ana, te taiao tāutanga, me ngā whakaaro utu-painga. Mā te arotake i ēnei rerekētanga, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri i te hangarau ine wai tino tika hei whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia mō te wai tika, pono, me te whai hua.inenga
Wā tuku: Pipiri-05-2025