He aha ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero noa mō ngā mita wai ultrasonic?

Hei taputapu ine atamai, ka whakawhirinaki ngā mita wai ultrasonic ki ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei whakatutuki i te tuku raraunga, te aroturuki mamao, me te whakahaere. Ka wehea ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero noa ki te whakawhitiwhiti waea me te whakawhitiwhiti ahokore, penei:

I. Ngā Tikanga Whakawhitiwhiti Waea

1. Whakawhitiwhiti RS485
   • Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti waea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara ahumahi. Ka whakamahia e ia te tuku tohu rerekē, me te tawhiti tuku tae atu ki te 1200 mita, ā, ka tautoko i te whatunga maha-ira (tae atu ki te 32 ngā taputapu ka taea te hono).
   • Ka hono ngā mita wai ultrasonic ki ngā pūwhakakotahi, ngā PLC, ngā rorohiko o runga rānei mā roto i ngā atanga RS485 hei whakatutuki i te tukuatu raraunga wā-tūturu (pēnei i te rere inamata, te rere whakaemi) me te whirihoranga tawhā (pēnei i te awhe, te paepae whakaoho).
   • Ko te tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakamahi ana i te Modbus-RTU, he kaha te whakamahi, ā, he ngāwari ki te hototahi ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere maha.
2. Pahi-M (Pahi Mita)
   • He paerewa pahi i hangaia mō ngā taputapu ine, e tautoko ana i te tuku hiko pahi (kāore e hiahiatia te tuku hiko motuhake ki ngā mita wai), e tika ana mō te pānui mita pokapū o ngā mita wai, ngā mita wera me ētahi atu taputapu.
   • Ka taea e te tawhiti tuku te neke atu i te 500 mita, ā, he pai ake tōna kaha ārai-whakararuraru i te RS485. Mā te waea māmā (pūnaha waea-rua), ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te whakahaere pokapū o ngā mita wai i roto i ngā whare noho me ngā whare.
3. Putanga Pāta
   • Nō te whakawhitiwhiti waea māmā noa iho. Ka tukuna e te mita wai ngā tohu pātī mā roto i ngā pana wiwi, i ngā pūoko hiko whakaahua rānei, ā, he rite te maha o ngā pātī ki te wai e pau ana.
   • He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei hono atu ki ngā PLC, ki ngā kaikohi raraunga me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakatutuki i te ine tere māmā. He iti te utu engari he mahi kotahi (ka taea anake te tuku raraunga whakapaunga).

II. Ngā Tikanga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Ahokore

1. LoRa (Reo Irirangi Roa)
   • I runga i te hangarau horapa, he roa te tawhiti tuku (1-3 kiromita i ngā tāone nui, 5-10 kiromita i ngā tāone iti), he iti te kaha e pau ana (ka roa te ora o te pākahiko ki te 5-10 tau), ā, ka tautoko i te whatunga tauine nui (neke atu i te 1,000 ngā taputapu).
   • He pai mō te pānui mita mamao o ngā mita wai, inā koa he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā horopaki kapi rohe whānui (pēnei i ngā whatunga paipa tāone, ngā pūnaha tuku wai taiwhenua). Ka taea e ia te kōrero tika ki ngā kēti LoRa, kātahi ka uru atu ki te tūāpapa kapua mā te kēti.
2. NB-IoT (Ipurangi Whāiti o ngā Mea)
   • He hangarau whatunga whānui iti-mana e hangai ana ki ngā whatunga waea pūkoro, e kapi ana i ngā teihana turanga e whakaratohia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere, me te kore e hiahiatia kia hanga kēti e koe. He pumau te tuku me te whānuitanga o te kapinga (ka taea te uru ki ngā pakitara me ngā paipa o raro whenua).
   • E tautoko ana i ngā hononga nui (ka taea e ia pūtau te hono i ngā taputapu 100,000) me te iti o te kaha e pau ana (ko te roa o te pākahiko he 3-8 tau), he pai mō te whakawhiti atamai nui o ngā mita wai i roto i te tāone, te uru tika ki te tūāpapa kapua hei whakatutuki i te aroturuki mamao me te tātari raraunga.
3. Nihokikorangi
   • Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore tawhiti-poto (10-100 mita te nuinga) me te iti o te hiko e pau ana, e whakamahia ana mō te rapu hapa i te papaanga me te pānui raraunga tawhiti-poto (pērā i te whakatata atu o ngā kaipānui mita ki ngā mita wai me ngā taputapu ringaringa ki te pānui raraunga).
   • Kāore e pai mō te pānui mita mamao, engari ka taea te whakamahi hei huarahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero āwhina hei āwhina i ngā kaimahi tiaki ki te whirihora i ngā tawhā, ki te rapurongoā rānei i te raruraru i te papaanga.
4. GPRS/4G (Whatunga Waea Pūkoro)
   • I runga i te whatunga o te kaiwhakahaere pūkoro, he tere te tuku raraunga, ā, ka taea e ia te tuku raraunga nui i te wā tūturu, engari he nui te whakamahinga hiko (me whakamahi hiko o waho, pākahiko nui rānei), ā, he nui hoki te utu.
   • He pai mō ngā horopaki he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te mahi raraunga i te wā-tūturu (pēnei i te aroturukitanga o ngā mita wai ahumahi whānui-rahi) hei tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tārua rānei mō ētahi atu tikanga ahokore.

• He pai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero waea (RS485, M-Bus) mō ngā whakaurunga pumau me ngā whakaurunga pokapū, me te mea nui ki te pumau;
• He pai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore (LoRa, NB-IoT) mō ngā horopaki marara me ngā horopaki whānui, me te arotahi ki te ngāwari;
• Ko te putanga pātī me te Nihokikorangi te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te ine māmā, mō te patuiro āwhina rānei.