He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti ahokore i roto i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā mita wai ultrasonic, ā, ko ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga e whakaatahia ana i roto i te ngāwari, te utu, te pumau, te whakapaunga hiko, me ētahi atu. Anei tētahi tātaritanga o ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti ahokore noa:
I. LoRa (Reo Irirangi Roa)
Ngā Painga:
- Tawhiti tuku roa: Tae atu ki te 1-3 kiromita i ngā taiao tāone nui, me te 5-10 kiromita i ngā wāhi tāone iti/tuwhera, e tika ana mō ngā whatunga taputapu tauine nui, ā-motuhake (pērā i ngā pūnaha tuku wai taiwhenua me ngā whatunga paipa tāone nui).
- He iti te whakamahinga hiko: Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau horapa-whānui, he tino iti te whakamahinga hiko. Ina whakamahia ngā pākahiko, ka taea e tōna roanga mahi te eke ki te 5-10 tau, ka whakaiti i te utu tiaki o te whakakapinga pākahiko auau.
- Kaha te ātete-whakararuraru: Ka whakapaitia ngā āheinga ātete-haruru me te whakararuraru maha-ara mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero horapa-whānui, kia pai ai mō ngā taiao ahumahi uaua.
- Tautoko mō te whatunga tauine nui: Ka taea e te kuwaha kotahi te hono i ngā mano tini o ngā taputapu, he mea e tika ana mō te whakatinanatanga tauine nui, ā, he iti hoki ngā utu whatunga.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
- Te tere tuku raraunga iti: Nō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whāiti tēnei, ko te tere i waenga i ngā tekau ki ngā rau kbps, kāore e pai mō te tuku i te nui o ngā raraunga wā-tūturu (pērā i ngā raraunga aroturuki auau-tiketike).
- Te whakawhirinakitanga ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā kēti: Me whakatinana ngā kēti LoRa motuhake, ka nui te haumitanga taputapu tuatahi. Heoi anō, ka pāngia te taupoki tohu o ngā kēti e te whenua (pērā i ngā whare me ngā arai).
II. NB-IoT (Ipurangi Whāiti o ngā Mea)
Ngā Painga:
- He whānui rawa te whānuitanga o te kapinga: E whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā teihana turanga pūkoro a te kaiwhakahaere, he kaha te kaha kapinga (ka taea te uru ki ngā pakitara me ngā paipa o raro whenua), he pai mō ngā tāone nui taupori, ngā taputapu raro whenua rānei (pērā i ngā mita wai tanumia).
- He iti te whakamahinga hiko: Ka taea e te ora o te pākahiko te tae ki te 3-8 tau, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te mahi pumau mo te wā roa.
- Tautoko mō ngā hononga nui: Ka taea e te teihana turanga kotahi te hono i ngā taputapu 100,000, he mea e tika ana mō te whakawhiti mita wai atamai nui-tauine o te tāone.
- Kāore he take ki te hanga hanganga whaiaro: Whakamahia tika te whatunga a te kaiwhakahaere, ka penapena i te utu o te whakatinanatanga o te kuwaha, ā, ka taea te hono atu ki te whatunga mai i te pouaka.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
- Te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tohu a te kaiwhakahaere: Kāore pea ngā wāhi tūmatanui, ngā rohe matapo tohu rānei (pērā i ngā rūma raro hohonu) e kōrero tika, ā, me whakamahi anō i ngā taputapu whakarei tohu.
- Kei reira ngā utu mō ngā waka: Me utu ngā utu mō ngā waka raraunga ki ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, ka piki pea te utu i te wā e whakamahia nuitia ana mō te wā roa.
- Te tere raraunga iti: He hangarau whaiti tēnei me te tere iti (he iti iho i te 200 kbps te nuinga), kāore e pai mō te tuku raraunga auau teitei me te nui o te rahinga.
III. Nihokikorangi
Ngā Painga:
- Te whakatinanatanga ngāwari: Kāore he hanganga tāpiri e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea te whakawhitiwhiti tika ki ngā waea pūkoro me ngā taputapu ringaringa i roto i te tawhiti poto (10-100 mita), ka āwhina i te rapu i ngā hapa me te pānui raraunga i te papaanga (pēnei i te pānui raraunga i ngā kaipānui mita i te papaanga me ngā pūrua ringaringa).
- He iti te whakamahinga hiko: I roto i te aratau Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), he tino iti te whakamahinga hiko, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki te roa o te pākahiko o te pūrere.
- Hototahi kaha: Tata ki ngā pūwhakawhiti atamai katoa (waea pūkoro, papa) e tautoko ana i te Nihokikorangi, me te kore e hiahiatia he taputapu motuhake.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
- Tawhiti tuku poto: Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero poto anake ka whakaaetia, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te pānui mita mamao, te aroturuki rānei.
- Haumarutanga iti: He ngāwari te pokanoa, te whakarongo puku rānei, ā, kāore e pai mō te tuku raraunga tairongo (pēnei i ngā raraunga inu wai a te kaiwhakamahi).
- Mahi kotahi: Ka taea anake te whakatutuki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero poto-ki-ira, ā, kāore e taea te hanga i tētahi whatunga tauine nui.
IV. GPRS/4G (Whatunga Pūkoro)
Ngā Painga:
- Te tere tuku raraunga teitei: Ka taea e te tere 4G te eke ki te 100 Mbps, ka taea te tuku i te nui o ngā raraunga i te wā tūturu (pēnei i te aroturukitanga rere auau-teitei o ngā mita wai ahumahi).
- Whānui te whānuitanga o te kapinga: I runga i te whatunga matua o ngā kaiwhakahaere, kāore he rohe matapo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (haunga ngā wāhi tino tūmatanui).
- Mahi kaha i te wā tūturu: He iti te whakaroa o te tuku raraunga, he pai mō ngā horopaki he nui ngā whakaritenga wā tūturu (pēnei i te aroturuki turuturu me te whakaoho rere rerekē).
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
- Te nui o te whakamahinga hiko: Me whai pūtake hiko tonu te waeine i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, ka poto te ora o te pākahiko (1-2 tau te nuinga). Me whai pūtake hiko o waho, me whakakapi pinepine rānei te pākahiko, ā, he nui ngā utu tiaki.
- Te utu nui: Me utu ngā utu mōkihi kāri SIM, ā, he nui ake te utu mō te whakamahinga mō te wā roa i tō te LoRa/NB-IoT.
- Ka pāngia te pumau o te tohu e te taiao: Tērā pea ka ngoikore te tohu i ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā rūma o raro me ngā paipa kua kati, ka mutu ai te tuku raraunga.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-08-2025