Ngā Auahatanga me ngā Auahatanga i roto i te Hangarau Mita Rere Hikohiko

Kua roa ngā mita rere hikohiko e noho ana hei mea nui i roto i ngā ahumahi e hiahia ana ki te ine tika i te rere o te wai kawe hiko. Mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te ture a Faraday mō te whakapūtanga hikohiko, ka whakaputahia he ngaohiko e rite ana ki te tere o te wai kawe hiko e rere ana i roto i te papa aukume. I te tere haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te kite hoki te whenua mita rere hikohiko i ngā panonitanga nui. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te mahi me te mahi a ēnei mita anake, engari ka whakatuwherahia hoki ngā tono hou puta noa i ngā rāngai kanorau.

He tino tairongo ngā mita rere hikohiko hou. Mā ngā tikanga hanga tino tika ka hangaia ngā wāhanga o roto, pērā i ngā hikohiko me ngā koiri aukume, me te tino tika. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahi ētahi kaihanga i ngā tukanga miihini moroiti matatau hei hanga hikohiko me te mata maeneene ake. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te pānga o te porowhita hikohiko me te paru, arā, ngā take noa i roto i ngā hoahoa tuku iho. Ka whakaitihia e te mata hikohiko maeneene ake te hanganga o ngā kiriata koiora, ngā putunga rānei i te wā e ine ana i ngā wai i roto i ngā tono pēnei i te maimoatanga wai para, te hanga kai me te inu rānei. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā mita te pupuri i ngā inenga tika mō ngā wā roa me te kore e whakatikatika, e tiaki rānei i ngā wā katoa.

Kua tino matatau haere ngā rauropi tukatuka tohu. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga tukatuka tohu mamati (DSP) hei tātari i te haruru me te pokanoa. I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā mita rere hikohiko e te haruru hiko mai i ngā motuka, ngā whakawhiti hiko, me ētahi atu taputapu. Ka taea e ngā rauropi hou te tautuhi me te tango i tēnei haruru kāore e hiahiatia, ka whakapai ake i te ōwehenga tohu-ki-te-haruru. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā rauropi tātari urutau te whakarerekē i te wā-tūturu ki ngā tauira haruru e huri haere ana. Mā tēnei ka taea e te mita te ine tika i te ngaohiko i puta mai, ahakoa kei te aroaro o ngā raruraru hiko nui. Mā ētahi tikanga tukatuka tohu matatau ka taea hoki e te mita te whakatika i ngā kōtaha rere kore-taurite, ka whakarei ake i te tika o te ine.

Ko te ia o te whakaitiititanga e akiakihia ana e te hiahia mō ngā taputapu kiato ake, kia whai hua hoki ki te wāhi, inā koa i ngā tono e iti ana te wāhi. Kei te wātea inaianei ngā mita rere hikohiko iti ake mō ngā rahi paipa iti iho i te 0.5 inihi. He whānuitia ngā āheinga o ēnei taputapu kiato, tae atu ki te hononga whakawhitiwhiti mamati, ngā kōwhiringa putanga maha pēnei i te 4 - 20 mA, te pāorooro, me ngā putanga pana. He pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā reti tukatuka, ngā whakaritenga taiwhanga, ngā tono aroturuki mamao rānei i ngā wāhi kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā mita nui ake. Ahakoa te iti o te rahi, he teitei tonu te tika o te ine, ā, he pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia tika te ine wai i roto i te tapuwae kiato.

Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā ahumahi kanorau, kei te whakamahi ngā kaihanga mita rere hikohiko i te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi motuhake. I roto i ngā tono e pā ana ki ngā wai tino waikura, pērā i te ahumahi matū, kei te whakamahia ngā rauemi pērā i te Hastelloy C, Tantalum, me ngā wāhanga kua whakakikoruatia ki te PTFE. He tino ātete ēnei rauemi ki te waikura, e whakarite ana i te roa o te mau o te mita rere. Hei tauira, i roto i te tipu whakaputa waikawa whanariki, ka taea e te mita rere me te ngongo ine kua whakakikoruatia ki te Tantalum me ngā hikohiko Hastelloy C te tu atu ki te taiao matū kino me te kore e pirau. Ehara i te mea ka roa ake te roa o te mita engari ka whakaitihia hoki te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga maha, ka hua ake he penapena utu i roto i te wā.

Kei te hurihia te whakamahinga o ngā mita rere hikohiko me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT) i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi. Ka taea e ngā mita rere e whakahohea ana e te IoT te tuku raraunga wā-tūturu mō ngā tere rere wai, te pāmahana, me ētahi atu tawhā e tika ana ki tētahi pūnaha aroturuki pokapū. Mā tēnei ka taea te aroturuki me te whakahaere mamao, ka taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakatau whai whakaaro i te wā tika. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi whatunga tohatoha wai, ka taea e ngā mita rere hikohiko e hono ana ki te IoT te kite tonu i ngā turuturu, i ngā tauira rere rerekē rānei. Ka taea te tātari i ngā raraunga hei matapae i ngā hiahia tiaki, te arotau i te tohatoha wai, me te whakaiti i te ngaronga wai. Mā tēnei taumata hononga ka taea hoki te whakauru pai ki ētahi atu taputapu atamai me ngā pūnaha i roto i tētahi pūnaha ahumahi.

Kei ngā mita rere hikohiko hou ngā āheinga tātaritanga whaiaro. Ka taea e rātou te aroturuki tonu i ā rātou ake mahi, te tirotiro i ngā take pēnei i te hekenga o te hikohiko, ngā hapa o te papa aukume, ngā raruraru whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei. Mā te tātari i ngā tawhā ā-roto, ka taea e ēnei mita te matapae i ngā hapa pea i mua i te puta. Hei tauira, ki te kitea e te mita he pikinga āta haere o te ātete o te hikohiko, ka taea e ia te whakatūpato i ngā kaimahi tiaki, ka taea ai e rātou te whakakapi wawe i te hikohiko. Mā tēnei huarahi tiaki matapae ka whakaitihia te wā kore mahi i whakaritea, he mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi e hiahiatia ana te mahi tonu, pēnei i te whakaputa hiko, te whakaputa hinu me te hau rānei.

Kei te whakawhanakehia ngā tikanga whakaoho hou, pērā i te whakaoho auau-rua me te whakaoho matua ka taea te whakarite, hei whakapai ake i te tika o ngā mita rere hikohiko. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei tikanga whakaoho te awe o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te haruru hikohiko auau-iti, inā koa i te ine i te rere o ngā paru totoka-wai e rua-wāhanga. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā mita rere hikohiko hou te whakatutuki i te tika ine o te ±0.5% tae atu ki te ±0.2% hapa tohu, ki te whakaritea ki ngā tauira tawhito. Hei tāpiri, kua whakarei ake te whānuitanga o ēnei mita. Ka taea e rātou te ine tika i te whānuitanga whānui o ngā tere rere, mai i ngā rere tino iti ki ngā rere nui, me te kore e whakaiti i te tika. Nā tēnei ka nui ake te whakamahinga, ā, ka pai ake mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono.

Kei te pāngia te hangarau mita rere hikohiko e te whanaketanga whakamiharo. Mai i ngā whanaketanga o te hoahoa pūoko me te tukatuka tohu ki te whakaurunga o ngā āhuatanga atamai me ngā āhuatanga hono, kei te whakarei ake ēnei auahatanga i te mahi, te pono, me te whānui o ngā mita rere hikohiko. Ko te ia ki te whakaiti me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi motuhake kei te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o tā rātou tono, i te mea kei te whakapai ake i te tika me te whānuitanga o te awhe kei te hanga i ngā taputapu ine kia tika ake. I te mea kei te tono tonu ngā ahumahi i ngā taumata teitei ake o te whai huatanga, te aunoatanga, me te whakatau whakatau e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga, kāore e kore ka whai wāhi nui te hangarau mita rere hikohiko ki te whakatutuki i ēnei whakaritenga. He nui ake te tumanako o te heke mai, me ngā whanaketanga atu e tumanakohia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i te tātaritanga e whakahaerehia ana e te matauranga horihori mō ngā raraunga mita rere me te whakaurunga o ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matatau ake.