Ngā Tuku Taumata Radar: Te Pito o te Tika i roto i te Ine Taumata Ahumahi

Kei te ngako o te mahi a te tuku taumata radar he kaupapa tino māmā engari he tino matatau: te tuku me te whiwhi i ngā ngaru hiko auau-teitei (i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te awhe ngaruiti, i waenga i te 5.8 GHz me te 80 GHz). E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te taputapu: he wae tuku/kaiwhiwhi, he pūihi, me te wae tukatuka tohu. Ka whakaputahia e te tuku he tohu ngaruiti arotahi, ka tukuna e te pūihi ki te mata o te reo (wai, totoka, paru rānei) me ine te taumata. Ina tūtaki ēnei ngaru ki te mata o te reo, ka whakaatahia tetahi wāhanga o te tohu ki te pūihi, kātahi ka tukuna te tohu whakaata ki te kaiwhiwhi. Ka tatau te wae tukatuka tohu i te whakaroa wā i waenga i ngā ngaru kua tukuna me ngā ngaru whakaata—e mōhiotia ana ko te "wā-rere"—ā, ka whakamahia ēnei raraunga, me te tere o ngā ngaru hiko (he pūmau i roto i tētahi reo), hei tatau i te tawhiti mai i te pūihi ki te mata o te reo. Mā te tango i tēnei tawhiti mai i te teitei katoa o te oko, o te tāke rānei, ka whakatauhia e te tuku te taumata tika o te reo irirangi, ka hurihia hei tohu putanga paerewa (pēnei i te 4–20 mA, HART, Modbus rānei) hei whakauru ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tukanga. Mā tēnei tikanga ine kore-pā ka whakakorea te hiahia mō te whakapā ā-tinana ki te reo irirangi, he āhuatanga e tautoko ana i te maha o ngā painga matua o te hangarau.

Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o ngā tuku taumata radar ko tōna tino tika me te pumau puta noa i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. He maha ngā wā ka raru ngā pūoko taumata tuku iho i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te piki me te heke o te pāmahana, te huringa pēhanga, ngā āhuatanga reo rānei (hei tauira, te kiato, te matotoru), ka arahi ki te nekeneke, ki te koretake rānei o ngā pānui. Hei tauira, ka whakawhirinaki ngā pūoko ultrasonic ki ngā ngaru oro, ko tōna tere he mea nui ki te pāmahana hau, te haumākū, me te pēhanga—ka kore e pono i roto i ngā taiao he rerekē ngā āhuatanga hau. I taua wā, ka ngāwari ngā pana pōtakataka ki te kakahu miihini, ki te poke, ki te aukati rānei, inā koa ka ine i ngā wai matotoru, i ngā totoka rānei he rahi matūriki kāore i te rite. He rerekē, kāore ngā tuku taumata radar e pāngia e ēnei āhuatanga o waho. Ka horapa tonu ngā tohu ngaruiti ahakoa te pāmahana (mai i te -40°C ki te 200°C, teitei ake rānei, i runga i te tauira), te pēhanga (mai i te korehau ki ngā oko pēhanga teitei), te aroaro rānei o te puehu, te kohu, te pahuka rānei. Mā tēnei pumau ka noho tika tonu ngā inenga—i roto i te ±1 mm ki te ±5 mm o te taumata tuturu—ahakoa i roto i ngā tautuhinga ahumahi tino kino. Mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā matū hinu, he mea nui te aroturuki tika i te taumata o ngā wai mura hei ārai i ngā waipuke, i ngā kino rānei o ngā taputapu, ehara i te mea he mea whai hua noa iho tēnei tika engari he mea nui hoki mō te haumaru.

Ko tētahi atu painga matua ko tō rātou hoahoa kore-pā, e whakaiti ana i te tiaki me te whakakore i ngā kino e pā ana ki te reo. Kāore i rite ki ngā tuku pēhanga ruku (me rumaki ki roto i te reo, ā, ka ngawari ki te waikura, ki te poke, ki te ārai rānei) me ngā tirotiro miihini (ka pakaru, ka pakaru rānei ina pā ki ngā totoka whakakoi), kāore ngā tuku taumata radar e pā ki te reo e inehia ana. Kei te tihi o te tāke, te oko rānei te pūihi, e noho motuhake ana i ngā matū waikura, ngā paru whakakoi, ngā totoka piri (pēnei i te sima, te witi, te waro rānei). Mā tēnei wehe ka whakakorea te mōrearea o te kino o te pūoko mai i te whakaekenga matū, te pakū tinana rānei, ka tino whakaiti i te hiahia mō te tiaki. Kāore he wāhanga neke hei whakahinuhinu, kāore he tirotiro hei horoi, kāore hoki he wāhanga hei whakakapi nā te kakahu e pā ana ki te reo—ko te tiaki auau he tirotiro tirohanga ā-wā noa iho o te pūihi me ngā tirotiro whakatikatika (he maha ngā wā ka taea te mahi mamao). Mō ngā whare he uaua ki te tae atu ki ngā tāke (hei tauira, ngā silo teitei i roto i ngā whare hanga sima) ngā taiao morearea rānei (hei tauira, te rokiroki matū paitini), ko te hoahoa iti-tiaki nei he iti ake ngā whakararuraru mahi, he iti ake ngā utu mahi, ā, he roa ake te roa o te ora o te pūoko (he maha ngā tau 10–15, ki te whakaritea ki te 3–5 tau mō te nuinga o ngā pūoko tuku iho).

He whānuitia hoki ngā momo pāpāho me ngā whirihoranga tāke e tukuna ana e ngā tuku taumata radar, ā, he pai mō te nuinga o ngā tono ine taumata ahumahi. Ka taea e rātou te ine i te taumata o ngā wai (tae atu ki ngā hauwaiwai, ngā matū, te wai, me ngā wai matotoru pērā i te hinu, i te molasses rānei), ngā mea totoka (pērā i ngā witi, i ngā kirihou, i ngā konganuku, me ngā paura), me ngā paru (pērā i te paru waipara, i ngā paru keri rānei)—he ngāwari e uaua ana ki ngā pūoko tuku iho te whakataurite. Hei tāpiri, ka urutau rātou ki ngā momo hoahoa tāke: mai i ngā silo whaiti, teitei me ngā arai ā-roto (pērā i ngā mea whakaoho, i ngā paipa rānei) ki ngā tāke nui, tuwhera, tae noa ki ngā roto tuwhera. Kei roto i ngā tauira matatau ngā pūihi motuhake (pērā i ngā pūihi parabolic, te haona, te tokotoko rānei) me ngā rauropi tukatuka tohu (pērā i te pehi i te ako) ka taea te tātari i ngā whakaata mai i ngā pakitara tāke, ngā hanganga ā-roto, te pahuka rānei, me te whakarite ko te tohu anake e whakaata ana mai i te mata o te reo ka whakamahia mō te ine. Nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tuku taumata radar hei otinga kotahi mō ngā ahumahi rerekē pērā i te kai me te inu (te ine i ngā taumata tirikara, witi rānei), te rongoā (te aroturuki i ngā matū), te keri (te aroturuki i ngā taumata o te konganuku, te paru rānei), me te maimoatanga wai para (te ine i ngā taumata para, paru rānei).

Hei whakamutunga, he tino pai ngā tuku taumata radar ki te aroturuki mamao me te whakauru ki ngā pūnaha ahumahi atamai, e hangai ana ki te nekehanga ā-ao ki te Ahumahi 4.0 me te aunoatanga ahumahi. Kua rite ngā tuku radar hou ki ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti matihiko (pēnei i te HART 7, Modbus TCP/IP, Profinet, WirelessHART rānei) e āhei ai te whakauru maeneene ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tohatoha (DCS), ngā tūāpapa whakahaere tirotiro me te kohikohi raraunga (SCADA), me te pūmanawa aroturuki kapua. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te uru atu ki ngā raraunga taumata wā-tūturu, ngā au o mua, me ngā mōhiohio tātaritanga mai i hea, i ngā wā katoa—ka whakakorea te hiahia mō ngā pānui ā-ringa i te papaanga (he mea roa te wā, he ngāwari ki te hapa, he morearea hoki i roto i ngā taiao morearea). He maha ngā tauira kei roto hoki ngā āhuatanga tātaritanga matatau, pērā i te aroturuki-whaiaro mō te paru o te pūihi, ngā whakatūpato kaha tohu, ngā hapa taputapu rānei, e whakaoho ana i ngā whakatūpato aunoa ki ngā tīma tiaki. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake tēnei aroturuki matatau i te pai o te mahi engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te haumaru mā te whakahohe i te kitenga wawe o ngā take (pēnei i te hekenga taumata ohorere e tohu ana i ngā turuturu, i ngā pakaru papu rānei) i mua i te pikinga ki ngā aituā utu nui, morearea rānei.

Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā tuku taumata radar he tauira whakarerekētanga i roto i te ine taumata ahumahi. Ko tā rātou whakakotahitanga o te tika tino pai, te hoahoa kore-pā, te whānui o te whakamahinga, te iti o te tiaki, me ngā āheinga whakauru atamai e aro ana ki ngā wero tino nui o ngā mahi ahumahi hou—mai i te whakarite i te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ki te arotau i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu. I te mea kei te tono tonu ngā ahumahi i ngā otinga whakahaere tukanga pono ake, ngāwari ake, me te hono atu, ka noho tonu ngā tuku taumata radar ki mua, ka whakamana i ngā pakihi ki te whakahaere i runga i te pumau, te haumaru, me te whai hua ake i roto i te mākete o te ao e piki haere ana te uaua. Ahakoa te ine i te taumata o te hinu mata i roto i te tāke whakahinuhinu, te witi i roto i te silo, te paru rānei i roto i te tipu waipara, ka tukuna e ngā tuku taumata radar te tika me te pono e kore e taea e te ahumahi hou te mahi me te kore.