Me whakarite kia tika ngā wāhanga paipa o te ≥10D ki runga, me te ≥5D ki raro (D = te whānui o te paipa) kia kore ai e pokanoa te papu/tarere. Kōwhiria te tikanga-V (ngā paipa iti) te tikanga-Z rānei (ngā paipa nui, ngā wai matotoru teitei rānei) i runga i te rahi o te paipa me ngā āhuatanga o te wai.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-10-2025