Ngā Mita Rere Hikohiko mō ngā Wai Arahi: He Tino Pai mō ngā Rāngai Kai, Rongoā me te Matū Hinu

Kei te pūtake o te pai o ngā mita rere hikohiko mō ngā wai kawe hiko ko te Ture a Faraday mō te Whakaoho Hikohiko. Kāore i rite ki ngā mita rere miihini e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā wāhanga neke (ka taea te aukati, te pakaru, te poke rānei i ngā wai kawe hiko), ka whakamahia e ngā mita hiko he whakatakotoranga kore-whakauru: he paipa kua whakakikoruatia ki te rauemi ārai, e karapotia ana e ngā koiri hikohiko. Ina rere te wai kawe hiko i roto i te paipa, ka tapahia e ia te papa aukume i hangaia e ngā koiri, ka hangaia he ngaohiko hiko iti. Ko te rahi o tēnei ngaohiko he rite tonu ki te tere o te wai—e āhei ai te mita ki te tatau i te tere rere me te tino tika (te tikanga ±0.5% o te pānui, tae atu ki te ±0.1% mō ngā tauira tino tika). Mā tēnei hoahoa ka whakakorea te pā i waenga i ngā wāhanga pūoko o te mita me te wai, he painga matua mō ngā wai kawe hiko ka waikura, ka matotoru, ka ngawari rānei ki te waiho i ngā toenga.

Mō te umanga kai, ina kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te akuaku me te parakore o ngā hua, he mea nui ngā mita rere hikohiko. Ko ngā wai kawe hiko pēnei i ngā wai hua, ngā hua miraka, ngā ranu, me ngā tirikara me whai taputapu e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa FDA (Food and Drug Administration) EU 10/2011 rānei kia kore ai e poke. Ko ngā arai maeneene, kore-kapiti o ngā Magmeter (he maha ngā wā he mea hanga ki ngā rauemi kai-papa pēnei i te PTFE, ETFE rānei) ka ārai i te kohikohinga wai, ā, he ngāwari ki te horoi—he mea nui hei ārai i te tipu o ngā huakita i waenga i ngā oma whakaputa. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi whare inu nui, ka whakamahia ngā magmeter hei ine i te rere o te tirikara kawe hiko ki roto i ngā tāke whakaranu: mā te tika o ēnei ka whakarite kia rite te reka puta noa i ngā puranga, ā, mā te hoahoa kore-whakauru ka whakakore i te mōrearea o ngā matūriki whakarewa (mai i ngā wāhanga miihini kua tawhito) e poke ai te hua. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā magmeter te whakahaere i te matotoru teitei o ngā wai pēnei i te tiakarete, te honi rānei me te kore e aukati, he take noa ki ngā mita tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā impeller.

He tino kaha ake ngā whakaritenga a te rāngai rongoā, nā te mea me tutuki i ngā wai kawe hiko (pēnei i ngā rongoā wai, te wai parakore, me ngā whakarewa matū) ngā paerewa whakahaere kounga me te whai i ngā paerewa. He tino pai ngā mita rere hikohiko mā te whakarato i ngā inenga tika, ka taea te whakahoki - he mea nui hei whakarite kia tika te horopeta o ngā matū hohe o ngā hanganga rongoā. Ka tautokohia hoki e tō rātou hoahoa kore-whakauru te tukatuka parakore: nā te mea kāore he wāhanga neke i roto i te paipa, kāore he mōrearea o te whakaputa matūriki, te whakawhiti-paru rānei i waenga i ngā puranga. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te kaihanga rongoā e whakaputa ana i ngā rongoā werohanga ngā mita miihini hei aroturuki i te rere o te otinga tote kawe hiko ki roto i ngā ipu. Mā te tuku raraunga wā-tūturu o ngā mita ka taea e te tipu te whai i ia taahiraa o te tukanga, me te whakarite kia tutuki i ngā whakahaere ture pēnei i te FDA me te EMA (European Medicines Agency). Hei tāpiri, he ātete ngā mita miihini ki ngā kaihoko horoi kaha (pēnei i te hauwai peroxide) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare rongoā, e whakarite ana i te pono mō te wā roa.

I roto i te umanga matū hinu, kei reira ngā wai kawe hiko mai i te hinu mata me te penehīni ki ngā whakarewa ahumahi me te wai para, ka taea e ngā mita rere hikohiko te whakaoti i ētahi o ngā mahi ine tino uaua. He āwangawanga nui te waikura i konei—he maha ngā wai matū hinu he tino waikura, ā, ka tere te pirau o ngā mita miihini me ngā wāhanga whakarewa, ka puta he pānui hē me ngā turuturu utu nui. Ko ngā arai ātete-waikura o ngā mita miihini (pēnei i te rapa, te uku rānei) me ngā wāhanga mākū kore-whakarewa ka tu atu ki ēnei wai kaha, ka roa ake te roa o te ora ki te 10–15 tau (ki te whakaritea ki te 3–5 tau mō ngā mita miihini). Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka mahi ngā tipu matū hinu i raro i ngā āhuatanga pēhanga me te pāmahana teitei, ā, kei te wātea ngā mita miihini i roto i ngā hoahoa pakari e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te 1,000 pae me ngā pāmahana mai i te -40°C ki te 200°C. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te whare whakapai hinu ngā mita miihini hei ine i te rere o te hinu mata kawe hiko mā roto i ngā paipa: ka āwhina tō rātou tika ki te arotau i ngā tukanga whakapai, te whakaiti i te para, me te whakarite i te kawe haumaru—he mea nui mō te aukati i ngā turuturu taiao me te whakatutuki i ngā ture haumaru.

Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o ngā mita rere hikohiko i ngā momo miihini, he nui ake ngā painga mō te wā roa mō ngā rāngai kai, rongoā, me te hinu matū i tēnei haumitanga. Ko te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki (kāore he wāhanga neke hei whakakapi), te iti ake o ngā whakahokinga hua (nā te ārai i te poke), me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi (mā ngā raraunga tika) ka hua ake he hokinga mai o te haumitanga i roto i ngā tau 2-3. Mō ngā ahumahi ka pā kino ngā hapa ine iti noa iho—mai i te kai kua pirau ki ngā rongoā koretake, ki ngā āhuatanga taiao rānei—ehara i te mea he taputapu noa ngā mita hiko, engari he tiaki.

I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā rāngai kai, rongoā, me te hinu-matū, me ngā ture pakari ake me ngā tono e tipu haere ana mō te oranga tonutanga, ko ngā mita rere hikohiko tonu te paerewa koura mō te ine wai kawe hiko. Nā te kaha ki te whakakotahi i te tika, te akuaku, me te pakari ka waiho hei mea nui mō te whakarite i te kounga hua, te haumaru mahi, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao. Mō ngā whare katoa e mahi ana me ngā wai kawe hiko, ehara i te otinga ine noa iho ngā mita hiko—he mea nui rātou mō te angitu i roto i te whenua whakataetae, ture hoki.