Waikura, Matakū, Whakakā: Ngā Mita Hikohiko e Whakahaere ana i Ngā Wai Katoa

He uaua ki ngā hangarau ine rere tuku iho te whai i te tere o ngā wai e hiahiatia ana. Hei tauira, ko ngā mita tāpoi, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mata hurihuri e ngāwari ana te pakaru e ngā matūriki whakakoi, e piri rānei e ngā wai matotoru pērā i te molasses, te paru rānei. He ngāwari te aukati i ngā pereti kōhao me ngā ngongo Venturi i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā paru, ā, ka tere te waikura o ō rātou wāhanga whakarewa ina pā atu ki ngā matū pērā i te waikawa hauwaiora, te hauwai konutai rānei. Ko te tikanga o ēnei herenga he ngoikore te tika: ka taea e te mita kua purua, kua pakaru rānei te rerekētanga mā te 10% neke atu rānei i ngā tere rere pono, ka arahi ki te inenga hē i roto i ngā tukanga matū, te utu nui rawa atu i roto i te kawe wai, te kore rānei e tutuki i ngā ture taiao. Mō ngā ahumahi he hihiri ngā āhuatanga wai—pērā i te tukatuka kai, te wāhi e neke haere ana te matotoru me te pāmahana—he iti noa te ngāwari o ngā mita tuku iho, me te hiahia kia whakatikatikahia, kia whakakapia rānei i ngā wā katoa.

Ka wikitoriahia ēnei wero e ngā mita rere hikohiko mā te hoahoa tino rerekē: ka ine i te rere me te kore e pā tika ki ngā wāhanga neke, mā te whakamahi i te Ture a Faraday mō te Whakaoho Hikohiko. Anei te mahi: kua whakakikoruatia te paipa o te mita ki tētahi rauemi ātete matū (pēnei i te PTFE, te rapa, te uku rānei), i te mea e rua ngā irahiko kua whakauruhia ki roto i te arai ka whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume puta noa i te wai. I te rere o te wai kawe i roto i te papa, ka puta he ngaohiko hiko e rite ana ki tōna tere—ka inehia tēnei ngaohiko e ngā irahiko ka hurihia hei raraunga tere rere. Mā te kore o ngā wāhanga neke ka whakakorea te kakahu mai i ngā mea whakakoi me te aukati mai i ngā wai matotoru, i te mea ko te arai kore-whakarewa hei ārai i ngā matū waikura. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka mau tonu te pakari me te tika o ngā EMF ahakoa te whakahaere i ngā wai ka whakangaro i ngā mita tuku iho.

Ko te mea e tino whai hua ai ngā EMF ko tōna kaha ki te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga wai tino nui. Mō ngā wai waikura—mai i ngā waikawa ahumahi me ngā kawakore ki te wai moana me ngā whakarewa matū—ka taea te whakarite i te rauemi o te arai o te mita kia rite ki te tono. Ka ātete ngā arai PTFE ki te nuinga o ngā matū rauropi me ngā matū kore-rauropi, ā, he pai mō ngā tukanga rongoā, matū hinu rānei, ko ngā arai rapa he tino pai ki te whakahaere i ngā paru whakakoi me ngā matūriki nui, pērā i ngā paru keri, i te wai para rānei me te paru. Ko ngā wai matotoru, tae atu ki ngā piripiri, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, me ngā hua kai pērā i te tiakarete, te tirikara rānei, ka rere mārire mā roto i te paipa kore ārai o te EMF, kāore he ara whaiti hei whakatupu i te puranga. Ahakoa ngā wai whakakoi kei roto te onepu, te kirikiri, ngā kongakonga whakarewa rānei ka puta mā roto me te kore e kino te mita, nā te mea kāore he wāhanga hurihuri hei pakaru. Ko te tikanga o tēnei urutau ka taea e te EMF kotahi te whakahaere i ngā momo wai maha puta noa i ngā wāhanga tukanga rerekē, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā mita motuhake.

Haunga te pakari, ka tukuna e ngā EMF te tika e whai tikanga ana i roto i ngā tono nui. Ka mau tonu te tika i roto i te ±0.5% o te tauine katoa (ā, he pai ake i ētahi wā) puta noa i te whānuitanga o te rere, mai i ngā tere iti (tae atu ki te 0.01 m/s) ki ngā tere rere teitei e tika ana mō ngā paipa ahumahi. He mea nui tēnei tika mō te tukatuka matū, ko te ine tika o ngā rauemi mata ka whakarite i te kounga me te haumaru o te hua, me te maimoatanga wai para, ko te raraunga rere tika e tautoko ana i te tutuki i ngā herenga tukunga. He tino pai hoki ngā EMF ki te ine i ngā wai kore-taurite, pērā i ngā paru me ngā ihirangi totoka rerekē, e whakararuraru ana i ngā mita tuku iho. Nā tō rātou kaha ki te whakarato raraunga pumau, pono ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga wai kore pumau, ka tino hiahiatia rātou mō ngā ahumahi kei reira te whakahaere tukanga he mea nui.

Ko ngā painga mahi a ngā EMF ka horapa ki te whai huatanga o te mahi me te penapena utu. Nā te korenga o ngā wāhanga neke hei tiaki, hei whakakapi rānei, he iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana—ko te tikanga he whakatikatika ā-wā ia 1–3 tau, ki te whakaritea ki te tiaki ā-hauwhā mō ngā mita miihini. Ka whakaitihia te wā kore mahi me ngā utu tiaki, inā koa i ngā wāhi uaua ki te tae atu pērā i ngā paipa raro whenua, i ngā wāhi ahumahi pāmahana teitei rānei. He ngāwari hoki te tāuta i ngā EMF, me ngā kōwhiringa mō te flange, te wafer, te whakaurunga rānei e uru ana ki ngā paipa o nāianei me te kore he whakarerekētanga nui. He maha ngā EMF hou e whakauru ana i te hononga IoT, e āhei ai te aroturuki wā-tūturu i ngā tere rere, ngā whakatūpato tātaritanga mō te kakahu o te raina, te poke rānei o te hikohiko, me te whakatikatika mamao. Mā tēnei mātauranga matihiko ka taea te tiaki matatau, te ārai i ngā hapa ohorere me te whakarite i te mahi tonu.

Mai i te keri me te hinu me te hau ki te tukatuka kai me ngā rongoā, kua waiho ngā EMF hei whiringa matua mā ngā ahumahi e raru ana ki ngā wai uaua. I roto i ngā tipu matū, ka inehia e rātou ngā matū waikura me te tika, kia mau ai te haumaru me te whai hua o ngā tauhohenga. I roto i ngā whare maimoatanga waipara, ka whakahaerehia e rātou te paru waikura me ngā kaihoko horoi waikura, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga hei whakapai ake i ngā tukanga maimoatanga. I roto i te ahumahi kai me te inu, ka inehia e rātou ngā hua matotoru pēnei i te honi, te whakapiri tōmato rānei, me te kore e poke te wai, e whakararu rānei i te reka. Ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao tino kino—pērā i ngā paipa pēhanga teitei, i ngā tono cryogenic rānei—ka tukuna e ngā EMF te mahi pumau, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou whakamahinga puta noa i ngā rāngai.

I te mea ka nui haere te uaua o ngā tukanga ahumahi, ka nui haere hoki ngā wero wai, ka piki haere te hiahia mō te ine rere pono, urutau hoki. Ko ngā mita rere hikohiko he otinga e kore e ine noa i ngā wai—engari ka taea te wikitoria. Mā te whakahaere ngāwari i ngā wai waikura, matotoru, me te whakakoi, ka whakakorea e rātou ngā taupatupatu i waenga i te pakari me te tika e whakararuraru ana i ngā mita tuku iho. Mō ngā pakihi, ko te tikanga o tēnei he whakaiti i ngā utu, he whakapai ake i te whakahaere tukanga, me te rangimarie o te hinengaro i te mōhio ka taea e tā rātou ine rere te whakatutuki i ngā wero katoa.

I tēnei ao e noho ana ngā wai hei toto ora mō te ahumahi, ko ngā mita rere hikohiko ngā toa ngaro e pupuri ana i te rere pai o ngā tukanga. E whakaatu ana rātou ahakoa te pakari o te wai, ehara i te mea ka taea te ine tika engari he mahi. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka haere tonu ngā EMF ki te whanake, ka nui ake te manawanui me te mohio. Engari i tēnei wā, ko rātou tonu te paerewa koura mō te whakahaere i ngā wai tino uaua, me te tautuhi anō i ngā mea ka taea i roto i te ine rere ahumahi.