1. Ngā Painga Ine Matua

• Te tika o te ine: Ko te tika noa kei waenga i te ±1.0% ki te ±1.5% FS (±0.5% FS mō ngā tauira tino tika), me te hapa whakahokinga ≤0.3%, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te whakataunga hokohoko me te whakahaere tukanga.
• Ōwehenga whānui o te hurihanga: Ko te ōwehenga paerewa he 1:10 ki te 1:20, ka taea te whakawhanui ki te 1:30 mō ētahi tauira, e kapi ana i ngā inenga whānui o te awhe rere (hei tauira, te rere o te mamaoa mai i te kawenga iti ki te kawenga katoa).
• Te urutau whānui o te pāpāho: Ka taea te ine i ngā momo pāpāho e toru—ngā hau (hau māori, hauota, hau kōpeke, me ētahi atu), ngā wai (wai, hinu, whakarewa matū, me ētahi atu), me te mamaoa (mamao kua mākū/wera rawa)—me te kore e whakakapi i ngā wāhanga matua mō ngā pāpāho rerekē.

2. Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga me te Tāutanga

• Kāore he wāhanga neke: Kāore he wāhanga hurihuri ā-mīhini, kāore hoki he wāhanga mau o te waeine ine matua, ā, he iti te tere rahunga me te roa o te ora ratonga (5~10 tau i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa) me te iti o ngā utu tiaki.
• Te ngaronga pēhanga iti: Ko te ātete ki te rere o te wai he 1/3~1/5 noa iho o ngā mita rere kōhao, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao o te paipa, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono pēhanga nui me te pēhanga iti.
• Ngāwari te tāutanga: Ka tautoko i te whakairinga whakapae, poutū, me te whakarara, me ngā whakaritenga paipa tika ngāwari (ko te nuinga he 10D ki runga / 5D ki raro; ko ētahi tauira he hanganga whakatikatika ka taea te whakapoto ki te 5D ki runga / 3D ki raro, ko D = te diameter o te paipa), kia kaha ai te urutau ki te papaanga.
• Hanganga kiato: He iti te rahi, he māmā hoki, he pai mō ngā taiao he iti te wāhi (hei tauira, ngā rūma taputapu whaiti, ngā paipa teitei).

3. Te Āheitanga ki te Āhua Mahi

• Ātete pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei: Ka taea e ngā tauira paerewa te tu atu ki te -40℃~350℃ me te ≤4.0MPa; ka taea e ngā tauira ritenga te toro atu ki te 500℃ me te 16MPa, he pai mō te ine i te mamaoa me ngā wai tukanga pāmahana teitei.
• Kaha te ātete-whakararuraru: He pūoko piezoelectric, he pūoko capacitive rānei kua honoa ki te hangarau tātari mamati, e ātete pai ana ki te wiri paipa, te wiri hikohiko, me te pao waenga (ko ētahi tauira he hoahoa ātete-wiri, me te hapa i puta mai i te wiri ≤±0.1% FS).
• Ngā kōwhiringa ātete waikura/pakaru: Mō ngā pāpāho motuhake (ngā otinga waikawa-pūmua, ngā hau puehu), kei te wātea ngā rauemi pēnei i te maitai kore waikura, te arai PTFE, me te Hastelloy hei whakawhānui ake i ngā horopaki tono.

4. Ngā Painga Whakahaere me te Tiaki

• Kāore e hiahiatia he whakatikatika i te papaanga: I runga i ngā mātāpono ine ā-tinana, ka kore e hiahiatia he whakatikatika anō i te papaanga i te whakatikatika i te wheketere me ngā taputapu paerewa (mēnā ka ōrite ngā tawhā reo ki ngā tikanga whakatikatika).
• Ngā tohu putanga whai rawa: Tautoko ana i te tohu anaro 4 ~ 20mA, te tohu pātere, me te putanga tohu matihiko RS485 (tikanga Modbus), e hono tika ana ki te PLC, ngā pūnaha DCS, ngā taputapu kohikohi raraunga rānei mō te whakahaere aunoa.
• He iti te utu whakahaere: Kāore he taonga e pau ana, kāore hoki he wetewete auau e hiahiatia ana; me tirotiro noa i te pūmautanga o te flange me ngā waea pūoko, kia iti ake ai te mahi tiaki.

5. Ngā Here (mō te tohutoro kōwhiringa)

• Kāore e pāngia e ngā mea tere-iti, matotoru-nui: Me whai tau Reynolds Re ≥20,000 (hau) ≥5,000 rānei (wai); ki te kore, ka piki ake te hapa ine. Kāore e pai mō te hinu taumaha, ngā wai matotoru, me ētahi atu.
• Whakaritenga mō te ma waenga: Ka ārai pea ngā matūriki totoka nui (rahi matūriki ≥5mm) i ngā pūoko, i ngā wāhanga kite rānei, ā, me whakamahi he tātari.
• Kāore e pā ki ngā wai ehara i te Newtonian: Ka pāngia te pumau o ngā paru, ngā wai rānei he nui ngā totoka iri, ka kore ai e ranea te ine.