Kei tua atu i ngā Pā Tuku Iho: Ka tautuhi anō ngā Mita Hongere Tuwhera Atamai i te Ine Rere

He uaua ngā pā wai me ngā awaawa tuku iho e whakararu ana i tō rātou whai huatanga i roto i ngā tono hou. Mā ngā hoahoa koi, whānui rānei, ka kohikohi ngāwari ngā para, ngā paru, me ngā totoka e mānu ana – he mea noa i roto i ngā pūnaha maimoatanga wai para, i ngā pūnaha wai ua rānei – ka ārai i te rere me te pānui piro. Ahakoa he ātete ake ngā awaawa ki te aukati, me tāuta tika me ngā wāhanga tika ki runga me raro, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi mō ngā awaawa whaiti, ngā hanganga kua whakahoutia rānei. Kāore i te wātea ngā kaha raraunga tūturu mō ngā taputapu e rua: me tuhi ā-ringa ngā kaiwhakahaere i te hohonu o te wai, ā, he maha ngā wā ka roa te kitenga o ngā rerekētanga rere pērā i ngā turuturu, i ngā ngaru rānei. I roto i ngā taiao hihiri – pērā i ngā awa me ngā taumata wai rerekē, i ngā tukunga ahumahi rānei me ngā tere rere rerekē – he uaua ki ngā taputapu tuku iho te pupuri i te tika, nā te mea kua whakaritea ō rātou whakatikatika ki ngā āhuatanga rere motuhake. Mō ngā kaunihera me ngā ahumahi, ko ēnei herenga ka puta he whakahaere rauemi wai koretake, he kore tutuki i ngā whakaaetanga taiao, me te utu nui mō te wā kore tiaki.

Ka aro atu ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai ki ēnei hapa mā roto i ngā hangarau pūoko hou me te whakaurunga matihiko, ka tautuhi anō i ngā mea ka taea i roto i te ine rere. Kāore i rite ki ngā pā wai me ngā awaawa, kāore ēnei mita e hiahia ki te whakawhāiti rere, ka whakakore i ngā mōrearea aukati me ngā here tāutanga. Ka whakamahia e rātou ngā tikanga pūoko matatau—tae atu ki te ultrasonic, te radar, me te Doppler oro—hei ine tika i te hohonutanga o te wai, te tere, me te tere rere, ahakoa i roto i ngā awa pōuri, papaku, kua ki tonu i te paru. Ka tukuna e ngā tauira ultrasonic ngā ngaru oro hei kite i te teitei o te mata o te wai, ko ngā mita radar ia ka uru ki te puehu, te kohu, te pahuka rānei hei tuku pānui pono i roto i te rangi kino. Ka neke ake te ine a ngā kōtaha iahiko Acoustic Doppler (ADCP), ka hopu i ngā kōtaha tere puta noa i te wāhanga whakawhiti awa katoa mō te tika kāore i te ōrite, ahakoa i roto i ngā awaawa, i ngā awaawa rānei he āhua koretake.

Ko te mea e tino wehewehe ana i ngā mita hongere tuwhera atamai ko tā rātou whakaurunga o te hononga IoT me te matauranga raraunga, e huri ana i te ine rere mai i te mahi kore mahi ki te taputapu whakahaere hohe. Ka tukuna e ēnei mita ngā raraunga wā-tūturu ki ngā tūāpapa kapua, ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere ā-rohe rānei, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te aroturuki i ngā tere rere mai i tawhiti mā roto i ngā taupānga pūkoro, i ngā papaaho tukutuku rānei. Mō ngā tipu maimoatanga wai para, ko te tikanga he whakatūpato inamata mō ngā ngaru rere ohorere ka taea te whakararu i ngā tukanga maimoatanga. Mō ngā ratonga wai, ka taea e ngā raraunga wā-tūturu te whakahaere hihiri o te tohatoha wai awa, me te whakarite i te tuku ōrite mō te ahuwhenua me ngā whare. Ka whai hua ngā whare ahumahi mai i te pūrongo aunoa, e whakangawari ana i te tutuki i ngā ture tukunga mā te whakaputa i ngā rekoata rere tika, kua tohua ki te wā. He maha ngā mita atamai e whakauru ana hoki i ngā rauropi ako mīhini, e tātari ana i ngā raraunga o mua hei matapae i ngā tauira rere—e āwhina ana i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te matapae i ngā huringa o te rere o te wai ua, i ngā tukanga ahumahi rānei, me te whakarerekē i ngā mahi i runga i te matapae.

Ko te ngāwari ki te urutau tētahi atu painga matua o ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai, e āhei ai rātou ki te tupu i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē e kore ai e pai ngā parepare me ngā awa tuku iho. Kua hangaia kia uru ki tētahi momo awa tuwhera, mai i ngā awa wai ua kuiti me ngā awa whānui ki ngā awaawa tuku iho ahumahi me ngā awa whakamakuku. Nā tō rātou hoahoa kiato, kāore e pokanoa, ka taea te tāuta ngāwari me te kore e whakararuraru i te rere o nāianei, e hiahia ana rānei ki ngā mahi ā-iwi whānui—he mea nui mō te whakahou i ngā hanganga tawhito. Ka urutau hoki ngā mita atamai ki ngā rerekētanga taiao: ka whakatikatika aunoa i ngā huringa o te pāmahana wai, te paru, me te āhua o te awa, ka pupuri i te tika puta noa i te whānuitanga o te rere (mai i ngā turuturu iti ki ngā waipuke nui). I ngā wāhi tawhiti, kino rānei—pērā i ngā pūnaha whakamakuku taiwhenua, i ngā rerenga wai ua takutai rānei—ka mahi ngā tauira pākahiko mō ngā tau maha me te kore tiaki, ko ngā kōwhiringa hiko-rā e whakarato ana i te aroturuki pumau i ngā wāhi kore-whatunga hiko.

Ko te inenga rere hou e tukuna ana e ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai ka akiaki i te uara tūturu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi me te taiao. Mā te whakakore i te kohikohinga raraunga ā-ringa me te whakaiti i ngā hiahia tiaki, ka tapahia e rātou ngā utu whakahaere tae atu ki te 40% ki te whakataurite ki ngā pare wai tuku iho. Ko tō rātou tika - i roto i te ±2% o te tere rere tuturu - ka whakarite i te nama tika mō te whakamahinga wai, te tohatoha tika o ngā rauemi, me te tutuki i ngā paerewa taiao. Mō ngā hapori e pāngia ana e te korenga o te wai, ka taea e ngā mita atamai ngā mahi tiaki kua whakaritea mā te tautuhi i ngā tukunga para, i ngā hanganga turuturu rānei. I ngā rohe e pāngia ana e te waipuke, ka tautokohia e ngā raraunga rere wā-tūturu ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe, ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i te kino o ngā rawa me te tiaki i ngā oranga. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau a te Water Environment Federation ko te whakamahinga whānui o ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai i whakaiti i te ngaronga wai kore-moni mā te 18% i roto i ngā pūnaha ā-tāone, ā, i whakapai ake i ngā reiti tutuki mō ngā whakaaetanga tukunga ahumahi mā te 30%.

Mai i te whakahaere wai ā-tāone me te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi ki te aroturuki taiao me te whakamakuku ahuwhenua, kei te hurihia e ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai te huarahi e ine ai, e whakahaere ai hoki i te rere o te wai. I roto i ngā whare maimoatanga waipara, ka aroturukihia e rātou te rerenga mai me te rerenga atu hei whakapai ake i ngā tukanga maimoatanga me te aukati i ngā waipuke. I roto i ngā awa me ngā manga iti, ka whakaratohia e rātou ngā raraunga nui mō te tiaki i te rauropi, te aroturuki i ngā tere rere hei tautoko i ngā nohoanga ika me te kounga o te wai. I roto i ngā whare ahumahi, ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā here tukunga me te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga wai mō ngā tukanga hanga. Ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino - pērā i ngā rohe takutai e pāngia ana e ngā awhiowhio, i ngā rohe rānei e pāngia ana e te tauraki - ka tukuna e ngā mita atamai te mahi pono, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou manawanui i roto i te huringa āhuarangi.

I te piki haere o te hiahia o te ao mō te wai, me te kaha haere o ngā ture taiao, kāore e whakaaetia ngā herenga o ngā pā wai me ngā awa tuku iho. Ka tautuhi anō ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai i te ine rere mā te whakakotahi i te tika, te hononga, me te urutau ki roto i te otinga kotahi. Ka whakamanahia e rātou ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā māramatanga wā-tūturu, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, ka tautoko hoki i te whakahaere wai pumau—me te wikitoria i ngā herenga kua aukati i ngā taputapu tuku iho mō ngā tekau tau.

I roto i te haerenga ki te whakahaere wai atamai ake, pumau ake, ehara i te mea he whakapai ake hangarau noa iho ngā mita awa tuwhera atamai—he panonitanga tauira noa iho. Mā te neke atu i ngā pā wai tuku iho, ka whakaatu rātou ka taea te ine i te rere o te wai te tika, te whai hua, me te aro ki ngā hiahia o ngā hapori me ngā ahumahi hou. I te mea he nui ake ngā whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ēnei taputapu auaha, ka tata atu tātou ki tētahi heke mai e whakahaerea ana te wai me te whakaaro nui, e tiakina ana ngā rauemi, ā, e tupu pai ana ngā hapori i roto i te rangimarie me te ao tūroa.